Fuel injection nozzle



`Lune 20, 1950 R, K, WELDY 2,512,557

FUEL. INJECTION NOZZLE Filed Feb. 24, 1944 f -gj A lllllllll 1^ Ui -r-rowy@ Patented June 20, 1950 tien ef-Miehian.

,l .3 ,Claims.

The presentinvention in nozzles adapted particularly for;-.;delveringtimed .metered injections :of liquid Ifuel.in1:con nection with theeriginesa` -f .-'One ofA the objectsfofthe 'present .'inve'ntionvis toprovide; a.y novell .fuel'linjection nozzle` of .the pintle" type whichcomprisesla minimum', number.:

ofv parts and; which. is simple land? inexpensive" in construction. :15.1n-f :i -lAnother object is to provideiavne and im proved.A fuel vinjection nozzle havingf downflow passages adaptedtofcause theifuelitodischarge from the nozzle tip in?v the't form foflI ythin"xiiatf i f "Affurtlciervv object iis' to provide' ia.' novel# vfuel .in-*f jectionnozzle comprising one-piecefbodyor cas# neighbor' riseofthe pinnen# .L[Other obj ectsv and advantages' will become "ap parent asthelde'scriptinproceeds'.

Inthe'aeconipanyingidr'awin'gsfi Figure lisa longitudinali axialsectional-view of a fuel injection nozzle embodying"lthefeatures ofmyinventon.

nalv vliewf'of scribe infdetail the-preferredA embodiment; butittobevunderstood-i that I do not i therebyintendi tolimit Y the invention tothe Specific* for'm dis-1 dosed, but-ntendftofcoverali'-modincationsand" alternative constructinsfiallingWithirrtliesbirit andscope of thef'invention ias expressed lnth an@pendedjd'aimif'alwf liz "wix: VReferring 'more particularly i t'o`-'=th`e1'.drawin'gs`, the fuel injection VVnozzle"c'oris'tituting'thevexem-l plary embodiment'of my inVentionis-of thegen-i eral type1=dis`c1osed inA ai'depending#application-.by James I F.Hoffer; Ser-iai? Nos1259g088 p filed March 1., .1939,'Pa'tent No.`2,351,965;fhavinganoutwardly opening valve adapted to openandi'closefwithca Poppingfaction. .The nozzle comprises a: body.j Iadaptedto conftain` all oi..the.operatingparts,fancl1torba-removablyfimounted; as agreplaceable y.unitiinelf-suitable holder.: 2; partially.' shown .in dotted ovutlnemFig.

operationfof. internal combustion.

L 1Q gine lnotfshown)@withthei nozzle' tipfpositioned elates Azto.improvements L el; piigatiinFehn;ariete4.,1944..sedative.523,69'74 (01.mei-.107.6517

1`)-';.: Preferably, vthe .body I is` in `r thelfor'm- Loffa' tubularsh'ellfor casing having 'an.e'xternallperiph.-v` eralzimountinguange 3onthe '.baseienma f To .'securle" theifnozzle .unit endwiseagain'st'the. holderinternal flange `5 @engaging "over Eth'eimounting flange 3'.l*Itvvill be understood that ll.the.. holder, andr nozzleassembly-isfadaptedfto-.be cl'ambedror; otherwise? secured" to anllini'fernal/ combustion fen--zy "The l nozzle -tip body AI.' made.preferablyin ani integral 'or- `oneepiece. construction; andisxi-formedin the ybase end Withafstepped bore'iconstituting ani inner ."ehamber;`and in '.theouter end..with .arr aX-iali discharge passage or.. bore1;.fopening .to the exterior.: 1 Theborea comprises sections Iof l'varyf` ingl diameters',y including an inner isectione. serveing asi 5a'spring pilot, van intermediate .sectionfli o'f 7slightlylarger..diameterg.'andranlouter .section2 6 4of. .sti11".1argerfdiameter. servingVv as. -a gv.idev asy hereinafterlmoreIfully;described.i 'line'y offset at.- thev junctureiofthe' sections Sbiand.. Ecadenesfan *Fuel* under `pressurewis :addicted 'to ...beI suppld; froini" a suitable. 'source (not shown) through V,the holder 2 to theinner chamber 6 of thefnozzle bodylfIL/ During .-periods ofinjection.,';the fuelz'is permitted fvtot flow: ifro'm 'the chamber 6`thrlfzughi and f' under theA control; of: la: normally:springse'atedvalve `IIl.A In ftheilpresent instance; ,.the, valve `I|lcomprises aiflared. inlet passages-:II :,con A nectin'gvrtlie chamber:Bnto the dischargebore,..v."I.v and :formed :wat wits. vouterv y.end'-wi.th;;a; stationaryannular :valve :seatv I 2; 1A* movable valvdmember;

andwisz i formed with. .an annular .'.Valveg ac adapted .'forengagementwith.; :the yseat.. I n 5 The valvemember 'I3 has#4 an axialyst mi' or.shank Il 5 f .whichvextendsy `in: free` `Deliph,erallyspaced.' relationthroughl'the valvepassagell 5to, dennei..fi-herewith.anannular -path off ueLnqw@ andstheni inwardlyf intio the bore or chamber.. 61.5 Suitablespringmeans,v suchfas ascoli compresek sion .springL .il 6,1.actslonpfthe'; inner end of. the; stem I5 in. .a direction .to aurge. theEvalve.. membert 1I 3. inwardly toward-` orain :closed-:position .with a.preadetermined :forcenf W f ,i-Thesprne lflenireles theivalve ,Stem 5,all@ impinges atene.endfeeeinstthe.inner enor.the.bore.secton---.whch-serresfesepilot this endfofithepring-a.The.:V` other Arend' cfirthe. Spring .I6 impinees @against a-movab1ehanger. I1 removably anchored to a head I8-on the inner.

sure area which i'sexposed to the pressure of the fuel withinthe chamber6, and which is substantially equal to the area circumscribed by thestationary annular valve seat I2. When the valve:

I is in closed position, the now of fuel to the discharge bore I forinjection is blocked, and the hanger sleeve I'I is spaced inwardly fromtheannular shoulder 9. When the pressure of the fuel acting on theopening pressure area is sufhcient to overcome the closing force of thespring I6, the valve member I3 is lifted outwardly from the seat I2 toopen the valve Ill and start injection. The maximum height of rise ofthe valve member I3` is limited by engagement of the hanger sleeve IfIwith the fixed stop shoulder 9.

.Aspray 4control pintle 2I is formed integral withand projects outwardlyfrom the valve member I3. The pintle 2l extends slidably through thedischarge bore l, and coacts with the outer end thereof to denneanannular discharge orice 22. The pintle 2| is formed with a narrowcylindrical land area 23, and conveniently termed a pintle land, of fullpintle diameter, at the extreme outer end, and a control cone 24tapering inwardly therefrom. When the v alve I is closed, the pintle 2lis fully retracted, and the pintle land 23 is located entirely withinthe bore l. Upon opening movement oi' the valve Iu, the pintle 2iis-piojected out oi" the body l, and the control cone 2li, in movingacross the outer peripheral end edge of the bore ,'I, provides aninjectloii orirlce 22 oi progressively increasing area. Inwardly of thetapered control cone 24, the pintle 2l is generally cylindrical inl'oim, and in guiding surface engagement with the bore l. As more fullyexplained in the aforesaid application, this popping action is obtainedbecause the effective transverse area of the pintle 2 I, exposed to thepressure of the fuel when the valve It] is open, is larger'than thevalve opening pressure area.

The nozzle body I lis provided with suitable means for directing fuelduring injection from the valve i0 to the discharge orifice 22 in such amanner that the issuing spray will be comparatively wide and thin andflat. A spray of this shape is desirable for certain types of combustionchambers not requiring sprays of high penetration, such for example as aflat chamber directly over the top oi the engine piston. Sprays of thisshape are also well adapted for engines of the electric ignitiontype, orengines in which the fuel is injected into air of low density.

In the preferred form, the means providing for the downflow of fuel fromthe valve comprises an internal peripheral groove 25 formed in thedischarge bore 'l adjacent the valveinlet passage II. The inner edge ofthe groove 25 is suitably beveled or chamfered to provide the fixedvalve seat I2. Two inclined bores Bt are formed in the bodyI indiametrically opposed relation to provide downflow passages from thegroove 25 along the pintle v2| to the discharge orifice 22. The bores 26converge outwardly and at their inner ends intersect and communicatewith the groove" 25 and at their outer ends intersect and open to thedischarge bore l adjacent the outlet end.

In operation, the two streams of fuel flowing through the passages 26impinge upon each other after issuing from and just outside thedischarge orice 22. This impingement results in a Wide fuel spray whichis thin and at in a plane intermediate the passages 26 and perpendicularto the plane of said passages.

The single-piece body is advantageous in that it provides a simplifiedand inexpensive construction requiring a minimum number of nozzle partsand reducing the diilculty and cost of manufacture. The construction issuch that all the body forms and contours can be readily machined. Informing the body, the bores 6 and 'I are drilled from opposite ends.Then by access through the bore 6, the inner end of the bore l is aredto form the valve passage II. The groove 25 is turned internally and byaccess through the discharge bore 1, the valve seat I2 is formed.Finally, the two converging bores or passages 26 are drilled from thedischarge end of the nozzle.

I claim as my invention: l

1. In a fuel `injection nozzle, in combination, a body having an inletpassage opening to one end of said body and communicating with an`axially alined dischargebore opening to the other end of said body,said body being formed to provide an internal peripheral groove adjacentthe inner end of said bore and a pair of down-flow passages disposed atopposite sides of said bore communicating at their inner ends with saidgroove and converging outwardly and intersecting said bore adjacent itsouter end, a movable valve member controlling the flow of fuel from saidinlet passage to said groove, and a pintle movable. with said valvemember and extending through said bore and having a peripheral surfaceof reduced diameter coacting with the inner surface of the outer endportion of said bore to dene therewith an `annular discharge orificewhen said pintle is moved outwardly,-said pintle having an inwardlytapering control cone portion extending across the outer ends of'saidinclined passages and providing communication between said passages andsaid orifice.

2. In a fuel injection nozzle, in combination, a body having an inletpassage opening to one end of said body and communicating with anaxially alined discharge bore opening to the other end of said body,said body being formed to provide a peripheral groove adjacent the innerend of said bore, an annular valveseat formed on said body at the innerinternal edge of said groove, a valve member slidably disposed withinsaid bore for cooperation with said seat to control the flow of fuelfrom said inlet passage to said groove, means for directing the fuelfrom said groove to said bore including a pair of passages disposed atopposite sides of said bore and inclined with respect to the axis ofsaid bore and communicating at their inner ends with said groove andconverging outwardly and intersecting said bore adjacent its outer end,and a pintle extending through said bore movable with said valve memberand having a conical portion cooperating with the surface of the outerendportion of said bore to define therewith an annular outlet orificewhen said pintle is moved outwardly and vproviding a iiowY passagebetween the outer ends of said inclined passages and said orifice.

3. In a fuel injection nozzle, in combination, a; body having an inletpassage opening at one end, a discharge bore axially alined with saidpassage and opening at' the other end of said body, an inwardlyiaredpassagefconnecting said inlet pas.

sage and said bore, said body additionally being formed with an internalperipheral groove in said discharge bore and located adjacent andoutwardly of said flared passage, an annular valve seat formed on saidbody at the inner internal edge of said groove, a movable valve membermounted for movement into and out of cooperative engagement with saidseat and coacting with said seat for controlling the flow of fuelthrough said flared passage to said groove, said valve member having aguide portion slidable in said bore, a pintle movable with said valvemember in said bore and arranged to cooperate with the surface of theouter end portion of said bore to dene an annular outlet orificetherewith when said pintle is moved outwardly, and a pair of passagesdisposed at opposite sides of said bore and inclined with respect to theaxis of said bore for directing the flow of fuel to said orice, saidpassages communicating at their inner ends with said groove andconverging outwardly and intersecting said bore between the guideportion of said valve member and the outer end of said bore.

ROBERT K. WELDY.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record ln the file ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,569,448 Banner Jan. 12, 19261,694,209 Davis Dec. 4, 1928 1,893,457 Tartrais Jan. 3, 1933 2,096,581Goldberg Oct. 19, 1937 2,154,875 Streby Apr. 18, 1939 2,183,284 WiebickeDec. 12, 1939 2,207,944 Richardson July 16, 1940 2,213,928 Gold et alSept. 3, 1940 2,267,907 Gehres Dec. 30, 1941 2,351,965 Hoier June 20,`1944 2,373,353 Smith Apr, 10, 1945 2,375,492 Purdy et al May 8, 1945OTHER REFERENCES The page entitled Slide No. 3-Tip Assembly, of apublication entitled A New Fuel Injection Nozzle for High Speed Dieseland Gasoline Injection Engines by C. R. Alden and R. K. Weldy, to havebeen presented at the Annual Meeting of the Society of AutomotiveEngineers at the Book- Cadillac Hotel, Detroit, Michigan, Jan. 12 to 16,1942.

